Fundamentals of Power System Economics، مبانی اقتصادی سیستمهای قدرت،

اختصاصی از یارا فایل Fundamentals of Power System Economics، مبانی اقتصادی سیستمهای قدرت، دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پرسرعت .

291 صفحه

Fundamentals of Power System Economics, Wiley, 2004

Daniel Dirschen

مبانی اقتصادی سیستمهای قدرت

Power System State Estimation, Ali Abur,

اختصاصی از یارا فایل Power System State Estimation, Ali Abur, دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پرسرعت .

ایمیل فروشنده: [e-mail]

Power System State Estimation

Theory and Implementation

2004

Ali Abur

MARCEL DEKKER

فهرست کامل مطالب

Introduction
1.1 Operating States of a Power System
1.2 Power System Security Analysis
1.3 State Estimation
1.4 Summary
2 Weighted Least Squares State Estimation
2.1 Introductio
2.2 Component Modeling and Assumptions
2.2.1 Transmission Lines
2.2.2 Shunt Capacitors or Reactors
2.2.3 Tap Changing and Phase Shifting Transformers
2.2.4 Loads and Generators
2.3 Building the Network Model
2.4 Maximum Likelihood Estimation
2.4.1 Gaussian (Normal) Probability Density Function
2.4.2 The Likelihood Function
2.5 Measurement Model and Assumptions
2.6 WLS State Estimation Algorithm
2.6.1 The Measurement Function, A(a^)
2.6.2 The Measurement Jacobian, R
2.6.3 The Gain Matrix, G
2.6.4 Cholesky Decomposition of (7
2.6.5 Performing the Forward/Back Substitutions
2.7 Decoupled Formulation of the
WLS State Estimation
2.8 DC State Estimation Model
2.9 Problems
Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3 Alternative Formulations of the WLS State Estimation
3.1 Weaknesses of the Normal Equations Formulation
3.2 Orthogonal Factorization
3.3 Hybrid Method
3.4 Method of Peters and Wilkinson
3.5 Equality-Constrained WLS State Estimation
3.6 Augmented Matrix Approach
3.7 Blocked Formulation
3.8 Comparison of Techniques
3.9 Problems
References
4 Network Observability Analysis
4.1 Networks and Graphs
4.1.1 Graphs
4.1.2 Networks
4.2 NetworkMatrices
4.2.1 Branch to Bus Incidence Matrix
4.2.2 Fundamental Loop to Branch Incidence Matrix
4.3 LoopEquations
4.4 Methods of Observability Analysis
4.5 Numerical Method Based on the Branch Variable Formulation
4.5.1 New Branch Variables
4.5.2 Measurement Equations
4.5.3 Linearized Measurement Model
4.5.4 Observability Analysis
4.6 Numerical Method Based on the Nodal Variable Formulation
4.6.1 Determining the Unobservable Branches
4.6.2 Identification of Observable Islands
4.6.3 Measurement Placement to Restore
Observability
4.7 Topological Observability Analysis
Method
4.7.1 Topological Observability Algorithm
4.7.2 Identifying the Observable Islands
4.8 Determination of Critical Measurements
4.9 Measurement Design
4.10 Summary
4.11 Problems
References
Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
5 Bad Data Detection and Identification
5.1 Properties of Measurement Residuals
5.2 Classification of Measurements
5.3 Bad Data Detection and IdentiRability
5.4 Bad Data Detection
5.4.1 Chi-squares x^ Distribution
5.4.2 Use of x^ Distribution for Bad Data Detection
5.4.3 x^-Test for Detecting Bad Data in WLS State Estimation
5.4.4 Use of Normalized Residuals for Bad Data
Detection
5.5 Properties of Normalized Residuals
5.6 Bad Data Identification
5.7 Largest Normalized Residual (r^aa) Test
5.7.1 Computational Issues
5.7.2 Strengths and Limitations of the r^ag Test
5.8 Hypothesis Testing Identification (HTI)
5.8.1 Statistical Properties of eg
5.8.2 Hypothesis Testing
5.8.3 Decision Rules
5.8.4 HTI Strategy Under Fixed /3
5.9 Summary
5.10 Problems
Reference
6 Robust State Estimation
6.1 Introductio
6.2 Robustness and Breakdown Points
6.3 Outliers and Leverage Points
6.3.1 Concept of Leverage Points
6.3.2 Identification of Leverage Measurements
6.4 M-Estimators
6.4.1 Estimation by Newton's Method
6.4.2 Iteratively Re-weighted Least Squares
Estimation
6.5 Least Absolute Value (LAV) Estimation
6.5.1 Linear Regression
6.5.2 LAV Estimation as an LP Problem
6.5.3 Simplex Based Algorithm
6.5.4 Interior Point Algorithm
6.6 Discussion
6.7 Problems
References
Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
7 Network Parameter Estimation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Influence of Parameter Errors on State
Estimation Results
7.3 Identification of Suspicious Parameters
7.4 Classification of Parameter Estimation
Methods
7.5 Parameter Estimation Based on Residua! Sensitivity Analysis
7.6 Parameter Estimation Based on State
Vector Augmentation
7.6.1 Solution Using Conventional Normal Equation
7.6.2 Solution Based on Kalman Filter Theory
7.7 Parameter Estimation Based on Historical Series of Data
7.8 Transformer Tap Estimation
7.9 Observability of Network Parameters
7.10 Discussion
7.11 Problems
References
8 Topology Error Processing
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Types of Topology Errors
8.3 Detection of Topology Errors
8.4 Classification of Methods for Topology Error Analysis
8.5 Preliminary Topology Validation
8.6 Branch Status Errors
8.6.1 Residual Analysis
8.6.2 State Vector Augmentation
8.7 Substation Configuration Errors
8.7.1 Inclusion of Circuit Breakers in the Network Model
8.7.2 WLAV Estimator
8.7.3 WLS Estimator
8.8 Substation Graph and Reduced Model
8.9 Implicit Substation Model: State and
Status Estimation
8.10 Observability Analysis Revisited
8.11 Problems
References
9 State Estimation Using Ampere Measurements
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Modeling of Ampere Measurements
9.3 Difficulties in Using Ampere
Measurements
Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
9.4 Inequality-Constrained State Estimation
9.5 Heuristic Determination of F-# Solution Uniqueness
9.6 Algorithmic Determination of Solution
Uniqueness
9.6.1 Procedure Based on the Residual Covariance Matrix
9.6.2 Procedure Based on the Jacobian Matrix
9.7 Identification of Nonuniquely Observable Branches
9.8 Measurement Classification and Bad Data Identific
9.8.1 LS Estimation
9.8.2 LAV Estimation
9.9 Problems
References
Appendix A Review of Basic Statistics
A.I Random Variables
A.2 The Distribution Function (d.f.), F(x)
A.3 The Probability Density Function (p.d.f), f(x)
A.4 Continuous Joint Distributions
A.5 Independent Random Variables
A.6 Conditional Distributions
A.7 Expected Value
A.8 Variance
A.9 Median
A.10 Mean Squared Error
A.11 Mean Absolute Error
A.12 Covariance
A.13 Normal Distribution
A.14 Standard Normal Distribution
A.15 Properties of Normally Distributed Random Variables
A.16 Distribution of Sample Mean
A.17 Likelihood Function and Maximum
Likelihood Estimator
A.17.1 Properties of MLE's
A.18 Central Limit Theorem for the Sample Mean
Appendix B Review of Sparse Linear Equation Solution
B.I Solution by Direct Methods
B.2 Elementary Matrices
B.3 LU Factorization Using Elementary Matrices
B.3.1 Grout's Algorithm
B.3.2 Dooh'ttle's Algorithm
B.3.3 Factorization of Sparse Symmetric Matrice
B.3.4 Ordering Sparse Symmetric Matrices
B.4 Factorization Path Graph
Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
B.5 Sparse Forward/Back Substitutions
B.6 Solution of Modified Equations
B.6.1 Partial Refactorization
B.6.2 Compensation
B.7 Sparse Inverse
B.8 Orthogonal Factorization
B.9 Storage and Retrieval of Sparse Matrix Elements
B.10 Inserting and/or Deleting Elements in a Linked List
B.10.1 Adding a Nonzero Element
B.10.2 Deleting a Nonzero Element
References

The switching function analysis of power electronic circuits

اختصاصی از یارا فایل The switching function analysis of power electronic circuits دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پرسرعت .

The switching function analysis of power electronic circuits

IET 2008

سرفصلها

 Part 1 The switching function 1
1 The switching function: Application and properties 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Application of the switching function technique 3
1.3 Properties of the switching function 6
2 Voltage–current relations in switched circuits 17
2.1 Single switch 18
2.2 Parallel switches 19
2.3 Parallel switched-resistors 20
2.4 Switched-inductors 21
2.5 Parallel switched-capacitors 24
2.6 Kirchoff’s First Law (current law) 27
2.7 Kirchoff’s Second Law (voltage) 27
2.8 Superposition theorem in switched circuits 29
2.9 Current sharing in a parallel RC switched network 31
3 Pulse width modulation 35
3.1 Sinusoidally modulated PWM signal – unipolar 36
3.2 The rectified sine-wave PWM signal 39
3.3 The PWM signal of a composite function 43
3.4 PWM sine-wave – bipolar square wave modulation 45
Part 2 AC to DC conversion 49
4 Analysis of the single phase ac to dc phase controlled converter
with R–L load 51
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Mathematical modelling 51
4.3 Analysis 55
5 The single phase full-wave diode rectifier – RC load 65
5.1 Introduction 65
5.2 Mathematical modelling 65
vi Contents
5.3 Analysis 72
5.4 Neutral current in three phase systems 77
6 The three-phase half-wave phase controlled converter 83
6.1 Introduction 83
6.2 Mathematical modelling of the three-phase half-wave
phase controlled converter 83
6.3 Analysis 91
6.4 Results 98
7 The three-phase full-wave phase controlled rectifier 101
7.1 Introduction 101
7.2 The mathematical modelling of the three-phase
full-wave controlled rectifier circuit 101
7.3 Analysis of three-phase full-wave phase controlled
rectifier 111
8 Overlap in ac to dc three-phase converters 121
8.1 Introduction 121
8.2 Operation and modes 122
8.3 Analysis 132
Part 3 DC to DC converters 135
9 The step down converter 137
9.1 Introduction 137
9.2 Mathematical modelling of the step down converter 137
10 The step up or boost converter 145
10.1 Introduction 145
10.2 Mathematical modelling of the dc to dc step up
(boost) converter 145
10.3 Analysis 152
11 The buck boost dc to dc converter 163
11.1 Introduction 163
11.2 Mathematical modelling of the buck boost converter 164
11.3 Analysis of the buck boost converter 168
12 The CUK dc to dc converter 175
12.1 Introduction 175
12.2 Mathematical modelling of the CUK dc to dc
converter 175
12.3 Analysis of the CUK dc to dc converter 180
13 The PWM full bridge dc to dc converter 187
13.1 Introduction 187
13.2 Operation and modes of the PWM full bridge dc to dc
converter: bipolar operation 188
13.3 Analysis of the PWM full bridge dc to dc converter:
bipolar operation 189
13.4 Operation and modes of the PWM full bridge
dc to dc converter: unipolar operation 193
Contents vii
13.5 Analysis of the PWM full bridge dc to dc converter:
unipolar operation 197
Part 4 Frequency changers 203
14 Three by three matrix converter 205
14.1 Introduction 205
14.2 Operation and mathematical model 206
14.3 The modes of operation and the switching functions 208
14.4 Analysis of the matrix converter as a three-phase to
three-phase system 211
14.5 The matrix converter as an ac to dc voltage converter 218
15 The single pulse PWM inverter 223
15.1 Introduction 223
15.2 Operation and modes of the circuit 223
15.3 The mathematical model and analysis 229
16 The sinusoidally PWM inverter 235
16.1 Introduction 235
16.2 Mathematical modelling 235
16.3 Analysis 241
17 The envelope cyclo-converter 245
17.1 Introduction 245
17.2 The mathematical model 245
17.3 The switching functions 246
Part 5 Active filters 249
18 The thyristor-controlled reactor 251
18.1 Introduction 251
18.2 The single reactor arrangement 251
18.3 The two reactor arrangement 257
19 The switched capacitor active filters 263
19.1 Introduction 263
19.2 The general model for the switched-capacitor active
filters 263
19.3 The switching functions 265
19.4 The line current 266
19.5 The double-switch double-capacitor 266
19.6 Reactive power generation 266
20 The inverter configuration active filter 271
20.1 Introduction 271
20.2 Operation and analysis 271
21 Single phase rectification with active line shaping 275
21.1 Mathematical modelling of the active shaping circuit 275
Discussion 289
References 291
Index 293

First Course on Power Electronics and Drives, Ned Mohan, 2003

اختصاصی از یارا فایل First Course on Power Electronics and Drives, Ned Mohan, 2003 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پرسرعت .

First Course on Power Electronics and Drives

 Ned Mohan, 2003

Power System Relaying, Horowitz, third edition, S.Horowitz

اختصاصی از یارا فایل Power System Relaying, Horowitz, third edition, S.Horowitz دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پرسرعت .

Power System Relaying, Horowitz, third edition, S.Horowitz

Wiley, 2008