دانلود مجموعه کامل پایان نامه و کمک پایان نامه رشته مترجمی زبان انگلیسی

اختصاصی از یارا فایل دانلود مجموعه کامل پایان نامه و کمک پایان نامه رشته مترجمی زبان انگلیسی دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پرسرعت .

کاملترین مجموعه ی پایان نامه های رشته ی زبان انگلیسی و مترجمی زبان انگلیسی ، شامل 10 پایان نامه و کمک پایان نامه که در مجموع مشتمل بر 1764 صفحه  میباشد .

* ویژه ی دانشجویان کارشناسی و دکتری

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دانلود پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته مترجمی زبان انگلیسی

اختصاصی از یارا فایل دانلود پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته مترجمی زبان انگلیسی دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پرسرعت .

دانلود پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته مترجمی و تفسیر زبان انگلیسی با موضوع Polysemous Verbs in Jambi Malay: an Optimization of Interpretation Approach که شامل  54 صفحه و بشرح زیر میباشد:

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Table of contents
Acknowledgements ii Table of contents iv
1. Introduction 1
2. An Optimality Theoretic Account 5
2.1 Basic Concepts of OT 5
2.2 OT Semantics 6 2.2.1 Polysemy 6
2.2.2 Zwarts (2004) 8
2.2.3 Foolen and de Hoop (to appear) 11
2.2.4 Conclusion 20
3. The Analysis of the Bare Verb Raso 21
3.1 The Interpretations of the Bare Verb Raso 21
3.2 The Optimization Process of Interpretations of the Bare Verb Raso in OT Semantics 27
3.3. Conclusion
34 4. The Analysis of the Bare Verb Kato
35 4.1 The Interpretations of the Bare Verb Kato 35
4.2 The Optimization Process of Interpretations of the Bare Verb Kato in OT Semantics 41
4.3 Conclusion 45
5. General Conclusions 46
References

دانلود پایان نامه ارشد مترجمی زبان با موضوع زبان تمثیلی در گفتمان سیاسی و استراتژیهایی برای تفسیر و ترجمه آن

اختصاصی از یارا فایل دانلود پایان نامه ارشد مترجمی زبان با موضوع زبان تمثیلی در گفتمان سیاسی و استراتژیهایی برای تفسیر و ترجمه آن دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پرسرعت .

دانلود پایان نامه ارشد مترجمی زبان با موضوع زبان تمثیلی در گفتمان سیاسی و استراتژیهایی برای تفسیر و ترجمه آن که شامل 60 صفحه و بشرح زیر میباشد:

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Figurative language in political discourse and strategies for its interpreting

Table of contents
1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1
2 Theoretical Part ................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Political discourse .............................................................................................. 3
2.1.1 Nature of political speech............................................................................... 3
2.2 Figurative expressions in political discourse ...................................................... 4
2.2.1 First Inaugural Address of George W. Bush .................................................. 4
2.2.2 Inaugural Address passages............................................................................ 5
2.3 The techniques of interpreting in general ............................................................ 12
2.3.1 Reformulation............................................................................................... 13
2.3.2 The salami technique.................................................................................... 14
2.3.3 Simplification ............................................................................................... 15
2.3.4 Generalization............................................................................................... 16
2.3.5 Explanation................................................................................................... 16
2.3.6 Summarizing................................................................................................. 17
2.4 Rhetoric and types of rhetorical devices.............................................................. 17
2.4.1 Rhetoric ........................................................................................................ 18
2.4.2 Some rhetorical devices................................................................................ 19
2.4.2.1 Figure ........................................................................................................ 19
2.4.2.2 Phrase........................................................................................................ 20
2.4.2.3 Metaphor................................................................................................... 20
2.4.2.4 Idiom......................................................................................................... 20
2.4.2.5 Proverb...................................................................................................... 21
2.5 Strategies of interpreting................................................................................. 22
2.5.1 Replacement by similar expression.............................................................. 23
2.5.2 Replacement by equivalent expression ........................................................ 23
2.5.3 Explanation, rephrasing, paraphrasing ......................................................... 24
2.5.3.1 Explanation ............................................................................................... 24
2.5.3.2 Paraphrasing.............................................................................................. 25
2.5.3.3 Rephrasing ................................................................................................ 25
2.5.4 Omission....................................................................................................... 25
3 Practical Part .................................................................................................... 27
3.1 Introduction to the practical part.......................................................................... 27
3.2 Corpus.................................................................................................................. 28
3.3 Tables with students’ interpretations ................................................................... 28
4 Statistics............................................................................................................... 42
4.1 The summary of techniques and strategies used:................................................. 42
4.2 The summary of strategies used with rhetorical devices: .................................... 43
5 Conclusion............................................................................................................. 44
6 Resumé................................................................................................................. 46
7 Appendix ............................................................................................................. 48
7.1 Appendix 1 – Transcription of the original speech............................................. 48
8 Bibliography.......................................................................................................... 52
8.1 Work cited........................................................................................................... 52
8.2 Internet sources ............................................................................................... 52
9 Anotace ................................................................................................................ 54

INTRODUCTION
Metaphors, idioms, proverbs or as we can collectively call them figurative or rhetorical language are often a common problem for interpreters and translators. The main issue is that sometimes interpreters simply cannot find an adequate translation for such rhetorical device and therefore they have to improvise. While in translation this can be easier since translators usually have the required time to do the necessary research in order to find the best equivalent for the target language1, in interpreting they do not. For this reason I have decided to focus mainly on the interpreting theory and practice in this thesis, although in certain cases the translating part will be described as well.
An interpreter has to translate given expressions as quickly as possible and at the same time he or she has to faithfully convey the meaning of it. There are a few factors that an interpreter has to take into consideration in this process. The aim of this thesis is to focus on such factors like for example strategies and techniques of interpretation.
The thesis is separated into two parts, the first part, which is theoretical and the second part, which is practical. Both parts are then divided into another chapters and subchapters.
Political discourse will serve as a source of figurative expressions; specifically it will be the first inaugural speech of George W. Bush from the 11th of January 2001. Brief description of political discourse as well as the events around the inauguration of George W. Bush will be described in the first chapter of the thesis. This will be followed by analysis of chosen expressions from Bush’s Inaugural Address. Each expression will be explained and translated into Czech language, which will serve as a base for other parts of the thesis. In chapters 2.3 and 2.5 I will take a closer look at different kinds of techniques and strategies of interpreting both in general and with focus on rhetorical language; afterwards I will point out the advantages and disadvantages of their use for translating figurative expressions.
The practical part is an experiment, where a group of students listened to this inaugural address and they interpreted it into the Czech language. Following transcripts were rewritten and afterwards ten figurative expressions were extracted from their interpretations. These translated expressions were analyzed and compared with the translation proposed by me. Focus was also put on the appropriateness of individual technique and strategy for each rhetorical device and on interpreter’s understanding of the context. On the base of the frequency of techniques and strategies used in the extracts the evaluation and conclusion were made.

دانلود پایان نامه دکترای مترجمی زبان انگلیسی Domain Adaptation for Translation Models in Statistical Machine Translation

اختصاصی از یارا فایل دانلود پایان نامه دکترای مترجمی زبان انگلیسی Domain Adaptation for Translation Models in Statistical Machine Translation دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پرسرعت .

دانلود پایان نامه دکترای مترجمی زبان انگلیسی Domain Adaptation for Translation Models in Statistical Machine Translation که شامل 147 صفحه و بشرح زیر میباشد:

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Abstract
We investigate methods to adapt translation models in SMT to a specific target domain.
We discuss two major problems, unknown words because of data sparseness in the (indomain)
training data, and ambiguities arising from out-of-domain parallel texts with different
domain-specific translations. We propose novel solutions to both problems.
The main contributions of this thesis are as follows:
We present a novel translation model architecture that supports domain adaptation at
decoding time from a vector of component models. The combination is implemented
through instance weighting, and all statistics necessary for the computation of translation
probabilities are stored in the models.
We present an architecture to combine multiple MT systems, using techniques and
ideas from domain adaptation. The hypotheses by external MT systems are treated
as out-of-domain knowledge, and combined with in-domain data through instance
weighting.
We introduce a sentence alignment algorithm that is able to robustly align even noisy
parallel texts. We found that higher-quality sentence alignment of the in-domain parallel
text has a significant effect on translation quality in our target domain.
We propose new translation model features that express how flexible, or general, translation
units are, in order to prevent translations that only occur in the context of multiword
expressions from being overgeneralised.
Wir untersuchen Methoden zur Anpassung von Übersetzungsmodellen in SMÜ an eine bestimmte
Zieldomäne. Wir diskutieren zwei Hauptprobleme: spärliche Daten in den Trainingsdaten
der Zieldomäne führen zu unbekannten Wörtern, und der Herbeizug von Daten
aus Fremddomänen verursacht Mehrdeutigkeiten. Für beide Probleme präsentieren wir neue
Lösungsansätze.
Die Hauptbeiträge dieser Dissertation sind folgende:
Wir präsentieren eine Architektur für Übersetzungsmodelle, welche aus einem Vektor
von Teilmodellen besteht und Domänenadaption während der Übersetzung selbst
erlaubt. Die Kombination der Teilmodelle wird über eine Gewichtung von Vorkommenshäufigkeiten
vollzogen.
Wir stellen eine Architektur zur Kombination verschiedener Übersetzungssysteme
mittels Techniken aus der Domänenadaption vor. Die Hypothesen externer Übersetzungssysteme
werden dabei wie Wissen aus einer Fremddomäne behandelt, und mit
Daten aus der Zieldomäne kombiniert.
Wir präsentieren ein Satzalignierungsverfahren, welches auch verrauschte parallele
Texte robust auf Satzebene alignieren kann. Durch die Erhöhung der Satzalignierungsqualität
erreichen wir eine signifikant bessere Übersetzungsqualität.
Wir schlagen neue Merkmale für Übersetzungsmodelle vor, welche die Flexibilität
von Übersetzungseinheiten ausdrücken, und verhindern, dass inflexible Übersetzungen,
welche nur innerhalb eines Mehrwortausdrucks vorkommen, übergeneralisiert
werden.

Contents
1 Introduction 17
1.1 Problem: Domain-specific Statistical Machine Translation 17
1.2 Thesis Contributions 18
1.3 Outline 19
2 Statistical Machine Translation 21
2.1 Statistical Models for Machine Translation 21
2.1.1 Word-based SMT 21
2.1.2 Log-Linear Models 22
2.2 Phrase-based Translation Models 23
2.2.1 Learning Phrase Translations 23
2.3 Discriminative Training 24
2.4 SMT Evaluation 25
2.4.1 BLEU and METEOR 25
2.4.2 Randomness and Statistical Significance 27
2.5 Alternative Translation Models 27
2.5.1 Hierarchical and Syntax-based Translation Models28
2.5.2 N-Gram Translation Models 28
2.5.3 Continuous Space Translation Models29
2.6 Domain Adaptation in SMT 30
2.6.1 Language Model Adaptation 30
2.6.2 Translation Model Adaptation 31
3 Domain-specific Language 35
3.1 The Text+Berg Corpus 35
3.2 Europarl 36
3.3 Linguistic Differences between Text+Berg and Europarl 36
4 Building a Domain-specific SMT system 43
4.1 Experimental Data and Model Configurations 43
4.1.1 Corpora 43
4.1.2 Tools and Models 45
4.2 SMT Learning Curves: How Important is In-domain Data? 46
4.3 Summary 52
5 Improving Data Collection: Sentence Alignment 53
5.1 Related Work 55
5.2 MT-based Sentence Alignment 56
5.3 Bleualign: Algorithm 57
5.3.1 Weighting Sentence Pairs58
5.3.2 Dynamic Programming Search 58
5.3.3 Additional Alignment Procedures 59
5.4 Evaluation of Sentence Alignment 60
5.5 On the Relation Between Sentence Alignment Quality and SMT Performance 62
5.6 Summary64
6 Translation Model Combination: Tackling the Ambiguity Problem 65
6.1 Discussion of Domain Adaptation Techniques 66
6.1.1 Log-linear Interpolation66
6.1.2 Linear Interpolation 67
6.1.3 Instance Weighting 69
6.1.4 Data Selection 70
6.1.5 Priority Merge 71
6.1.6 Origin Features 71
6.2 Perplexity 72
6.2.1 Theoretical Background72
6.2.2 Translation Model Perplexity73
6.2.3 Perplexity Minimization 75
6.3 Evaluation of Domain Adaptation Techniques 76
6.3.1 Data and Methods 76
6.3.2 Results 78
6.4 The Impact of Weights 87
6.5 Domain Adaptation with Unsupervised Clustering of Training Data 91
6.5.1 Clustering with Exponential Smoothing 92
6.5.2 Model Combination 94
6.5.3 Evaluation 94
6.6 A Multi-Domain Translation Model Architecture 96
6.7 Summary 100
7 Integrating Other Knowledge Sources: Multi-Engine Machine Translation 103
7.1 Related Work103
7.2 A Multi-Engine MT Architecture 104
7.3 Translation Model Combination 105
7.4 Evaluation of Multi-Engine MT 106
7.4.1 On the Use of Perplexity for Machine-Translated Text 109
7.4.2 Combining Out-of-domain Data and Translation Hypotheses 111
7.5 Summary 112
8 Multiword Expressions and Flexibility Features 115
8.1 Introduction 116
8.2 Related Work 116
8.3 Learning Translations in SMT 117
8.4 Flexibility Features 118
8.4.1 Variants for Hierarchical Phrase-based Models 121
8.5 Filtering Hierarchical Rule Tables 122
8.6 Evaluation of Flexibility Scores 123
8.6.1 Data and Methods 123
8.6.2 Phrase-based Results 124
8.6.3 Hierarchical Results 126
8.7 Summary 127
9 Conclusion and Outlook 129
Bibliography 133
10 Appendix 147

دانلود پایان نامه کارشناسی مترجمی زبان انگلیسی Shifts of meaning in humour translation as exemplified by the Polish translation

اختصاصی از یارا فایل دانلود پایان نامه کارشناسی مترجمی زبان انگلیسی Shifts of meaning in humour translation as exemplified by the Polish translation of Shrek دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پرسرعت .

دانلود پایان نامه کارشناسی مترجمی زبان انگلیسی Shifts of meaning in humour translation as exemplified by the Polish translation of Shrek که شامل 43 صفحه و بشرح زیر میباشد:

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Table of contents
Introduction 2
1. Theoretical part 3
1.1. Humour 3
1.1.1. The definition of humour and its types 3
1.1.2. Translation theory and humour 3
1.1.3. Difficulties related to humour translation 4
1.1.4. Possible translation strategies in humour translation 5
1.1.5. Humour untranslatability 6
1.1.6. Shifts of meaning in humour translation 7
1.2. Dubbing 8
1.2.1. The definition of screen translation and dubbing 8
1.2.2. Advantages of dubbing 8
1.2.3. Constraints of dubbing 9
1.3. Shrek as an example of a dubbed comedy film 11
2. Analytical part 13
2.1. Shifts of meaning 13
2.2. Domestication 20
2.3. Allusions 26
2.4. Puns 35
Conclusion 39
References 40
Films under discussion 43

Introduction
Researchers present divergent opinions concerning shifts of meaning. Some
scholars regard translation shifts as a negative effect of a translation process
and criticize introducing modifications to the source text (ST). Others argue
that there are various situations when such shifts are simply impossible to avoid,
e.g. in the case of humour translation.
This thesis explores the notion of shifts of meaning in humour translation.
The study is based on a popular animated film Shrek. The film constitutes a perfect
subject for the discussion due to numerous examples of translation shifts that can be
noticed between the source and the target text (TT).
The aim of this study is to prove that shifts of meaning in the case of humour
translation in Shrek are unavoidable and even desirable, and that they result from
the specificity of dubbing and humour translation.
My analysis is based on the comparison and description of various differences
in meaning between the original English dialogues (in bold face) and the translation
by Bartosz Wierzbięta – the author of the Polish version of Shrek (underlined).
The literal translation of the source dialogues is provided in square brackets.
The thesis is divided into two chapters. In the first, theoretical part, humour
and various aspects connected with humour translation are described, and the translation
of dubbed films is examined. The analytical part consists of four subsections, in which
shifts of meaning in the Polish translation of Shrek are discussed and the possible
.........reasons for introducing them are analysed